Difference between revisions of "Projects/Reporting-friendly KDB dump format"

Revision as of 17:15, 8 September 2015

This is split from Projects/KDB reporting and bulk operations.

Background

Operators often want to perform reporting operations on KDB data, but the dump format is optimized for loading by kdb5_util, not human reading or reporting using simple scripts. For example, the number of columns on each principal dump line depends on the number of keydata entries associated with that principal. Also, some useful metadata such as modification date are only present in a human-unfriendly hexadecimal format, as an artifact of being stored in the tl_data of the principal.

Format choice

Tab-separated value formats are probably acceptable to the largest variety of tools. These tools range from simple awk scripts to SQL databases. Comma-separated values are easy to add. Various quoting and escaping options exist in various dialects of CSV format. Opinions vary on whether tab-separated formats can use quoting, but in any case, most of the fields will not require quoting if tab-separated.

There are several conceptual database tables, each of which will have a different set of columns. To allow a single combined dump format, each dump line will have a first column that indicates the conceptual table to which it belongs. Another option is to provide command line options to select an individual conceptual table to dump, in which case the table name prefix would be omitted from each line. Headers should be optional, because some tools work better without them.

Examples

These are some examples of how commonly available tools could be used to manipulate output from one of these dumps.

$ cat keyinfo.txt
name	keyindex	kvno	enctype	salttype	salt
foo@EXAMPLE.COM	0	1	aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96	normal	-1
bar@EXAMPLE.COM	0	1	aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96	normal	-1
bar@EXAMPLE.COM	1	1	des-cbc-crc	normal	-1
$ sqlite3
sqlite> .mode tabs
sqlite> .import keyinfo.txt keyinfo
sqlite> select * from keyinfo where enctype like 'des-cbc-%';
bar@EXAMPLE.COM	1	1	des-cbc-crc	normal	-1
sqlite> .quit
$ awk -F'\t' '$4 ~ /des-cbc-/ { print }' keyinfo.txt
bar@EXAMPLE.COM	1	1	des-cbc-crc	normal	-1

Formatting options

Symbolic names

Some values such as enctypes and salttypes can be printed numerically or using symbolic names.

Date/time

Time stamps can be printed as decimal POSIX time_t values. Later options could include ISO 8601 formats.

Durations can be printed as decimal seconds. Later options could include ISO 8601 durations (although technically ISO 8601 duration representations are only supposed to designate intervals by context, and not pure durations).

Conceptual tables

This is an attempt to split KDB data fields into a somewhat more normalized schema that is somewhat easier to manipulate for reporting purposes.

Principal metadata

rectype

princmeta

name

Principal name (krb5_kdb_entry)

modby

Last modified by (principal name) (KRB5_TL_MOD_PRINC)

modtime

Last modification date (KRB5_TL_MOD_PRINC)

lastpwd

Last password change (KRB5_TL_LAST_PWD_CHANGE)

policy

Policy object name (osa_princ_ent_rec)

mkvno

Master key version used for this principal's key data (KRB5_TL_MKVNO)

hist_kvno

kadmin history principal kvno for this principal's key history (osa_princ_ent_rec)

Principal keys

There will generally be multiple dump key data dump lines per principal. The order is significant (though typically it's only important within the active kvno), so there will need to be a key index number in case the user imports the dump into a data store that doesn't preserve the ordering of input lines (such as most relational databases).

Some open questions include whether to use numeric values or string representations for enctype or salt type. Maybe this can be a runtime option?

rectype

keyinfo (or keydata)

name

Principal name (krb5_kdb_entry)

keyindex

Key index

kvno

Key version number

enctype

Enctype

key

hex string (only for keydata rectype)

salttype

Salt type

salt

Salt data as hex string (might be "-1" to denote no salt or normal/default salt)

A sample implementation of a "keyinfo" dump format is at https://github.com/tlyu/krb5/tree/keyinfo

Per-principal policy data

rectype

princ_tktpolicy

name

Principal name

expiration

Principal expiration date

pw_expiration

Password expiration date

max_life

Max ticket lifetime

max_renew_life

Max renewable ticket lifetime

Per-principal lockout data

These are the per-KDC (non-replicated) data that track failed logins due to incorrect passwords.

rectype

princ_lockout

name

Principal name

last_success

Last success

last_failed

Last failure

fail_count

Count of failed attempts

Principal boolean attributes

The KDB currently stores this as a boolean flag word; it's probably best to make it a set of strings. This is a bit tricky because there are some flags that are of the form disallow_*.

• Principal name
• Attribute name (string form)
• Boolean value (true/false or 1/0)

Feedback from operators indicates that having a row for each attribute, regardless of whether or not it's set, can be useful to satisfy auditors.

Unknown attributes can probably print as hexadecimal numbers, or optionally ignored.

Principal string attributes

• Principal name
• Attribute name
• Attribute value

Principal key history

This is very similar to the keyinfo/keydata table. There is some weird ring buffer stuff that we may or may not want to reflect in the dump.

• Principal name
• Key index
• Key version number (kvno)
• Enctype
• Salt type
• Salt data as hex string (might be "-1" to denote no salt or normal/default salt)

Password policy

• Policy name
• Min password life
• Max password life
• Min password length
• Min password character classes
• Password history length

Lockout policy

• Policy name
• Max failures
• Failure count reset interval
• Lockout duration

Ticket policy

• Policy name
• Max ticket lifetime
• Max renewable ticket lifetime

Policy boolean attributes

As for principal boolean attributes

Policy allowed keysalts

(Is this an ordered list?)

• Policy name
• Enctype
• Salt type

C structure cross reference

krb5_db_entry

magic

(not encoded)

len

mask

(not encoded?)

attributes

princflags

max_life

princ_tktpolicy

max_renewable_life

princ_tktpolicy

expiration

princ_tktpolicy

pw_expiration

princ_tktpolicy

last_success

princlockout

last_failed

princlockout

fail_auth_count

princlockout

n_tl_data

(tl_data)

n_key_data

keyinfo/keydata

e_length

(implicit)

e_data

princ_edata

princ

(redundant? not for consistency vs db key)

tl_data

(tl_data)

key_data

keyinfo/keydata

osa_princ_ent_rec

version

policy

princmeta

aux_attributes

old_key_len

(implicit in oldkeyinfo/oldkeydata)

old_key_next

(implicit in oldkeyinfo/oldkeydata)

old_keys

oldkeyinfo/oldkeydata

admin_history_kvno

princmeta

tl_data cross reference

KRB5_TL_LAST_PWD_CHANGE

princmeta

KRB5_TL_MOD_PRINC

princmeta

KRB5_TL_KADM_DATA

(see osa_princ_ent_rec)

KRB5_TL_MKVNO

princmeta